"And" Position:A position used when stroking from one foot to the other, when the new foot takes its place on the floor close to and parallel with the old foot, with the wheels laterally in line.

Apex:The top or bottom point where the long axis passes through a circle.

Bilateral Balance:The ability to skate curves or edges equally well on either foot. Border Dance Pattern:A pattern that does not prescribe the precise placement of edges on a skating surface, but generally follows the contour of the skating surface.

Bracket:A counteredgewise one-foot turn.

Changedge:Adjusting the lean of the body at the conclusion of an arc to produce a continuing trace of an arc in the opposite direction.

Chasse:An edge that takes its place on the floor alongside the old foot in the "and" position and does not progress past the toe of the old foot.

Check:A controlling force applied by the free hip and shoulders in a direction opposite to the direction of the rotation of a turn or jump.

Choctaw Turn:A two-step turn from forward to backward or backward to forward, using opposite edges; i.e., OB to IF or IF to OB.

Choctaw Turn—Closed:A choctaw turn is closed when, following the secondary edge, the free leg is in front of the skating foot and the hips are at a right angle to the skating foot.

Choctaw Turn—Open:A choctaw turn is open when, following the secondary edge, the free leg is behind the heel of the skating foot and the hips are parallel to the skating foot.

Choctaw Turn—Swung:A swung choctaw is one in which the free leg is swung into the direction of travel, following the primary edge and before making the secondary edge. Circle Eight:A figure traced on the floor containing two circles of equal diameter and tangent at one point.

Clockwise:In the same direction as the hands of a clock normally travel  (right). Counterclockwise:In an opposite direction to the movement of the hands of a clock (left).

Counter edgewise:Against the direction of the curve being traced.

Cusp:An indentation from a curve which results when a one-foot turn is executed. Direction of Travel:The direction in which the body is traveling, regardless of the fac­ing of the body. Edge:The curve that results from leaning the majority of the weight on one or the other side of the skate while in motion.

Edgewise:In the same direction as the curve being traced.

Employed Foot and Side of Body:The foot which is actually in contact with the surface and employed in the job of supporting the weight of the skater, and the side of the body over that foot.

Flat or Flat Edge:The trace that results when a stroke is aimed directly along the travel line, with the body at a perpendicular angle to the floor.

Free Foot and Leg:The foot that is in the air and not in contact with the surface.

Front of Body:The actual front of the body, regardless of the direction of travel.

Footwork: Ablend of a series of strokes and combinations of various turns, both one-foot and two-foot, used to highlight and link together items in a free-style program.

Item:Any spin, jump, or novelty movement.

Jump: Aleap into the air from any edge to any edge; some leaps prescribe the use of of a toe point or toe stop to assist either or both the take-off and the landing.

Leading: Aposition in the direction the body is traveling, regardless of facing. A skater who is ahead in a race.

Lean:Adjusting the body at an angle other than the perpendicular so that the weight is increased on the side of the skate, causing it to travel a curve while in motion.

Linkage:The mutual maintenance of a firm clasp of the connecting arms and hands in team dance position, which enables the team to skate as a unit.

Long Axis: Alongitudinal line passing lengthwise through the centers of each circle in a circle-eight figure or serpentine figure, cutting the figure exactly in half.

Mohawk Turn: Atwo-step turn from forward to backward or backward to forward, using similar edges.

Mohawk Turn—Closed: AMohawk turn is closed when following the secondary edge; the free leg is in front of the skating foot, and the hips are at a right angle to the skating foot. Mohawk Turn—Open: AMohawk turn is open when, following the secondary edge, the free leg is behind the heel of the skating foot and the hips are parallel to the skating foot. Mohawk Turn—Swung: Aswung Mohawk is one in which the free leg is swung into the direction of travel, following the primary edge and before making the secondary edge. Pattern: Adiagram or map showing the basic curvature, the musical value, and the pro­portionate relationship of individual edges as well as a line picture of the dance as a whole.

Primary Rotation: Afundamental rotation to position  the arms, shoulders, and free leg in preparation for a turn.

Progressive Stroke: Astroke which takes its place on the floor through the "and" posi­tion and progresses past the toe of the old foot.

Purist:One who adheres to the highest level and standards of the sport, with emphasis on artistic skill, and rigidly follows the basic tenets of the sport without deviation. Rat tail: Apermissible deviation of approximately one and one-half skate lengths from the true circle at the short axis to enable the skater to accomplish a smooth transition. (Into the old circle for all outside edge to outside edge transitions, and into the new circle for inside edge to inside edge transitions.)

Rear of Body:The actual rear of the body, regardless of the direction of travel.

Rock over: Arock over is a preparatory change of lean at the very end of a stroke. Rotation:The circular movement of the body and the parts of the body around its own axis used to assist an edge or a turn.

Rotation Counter edgewise:The circular movement of the body around its own axis in the opposite direction of the curve of the edge to be traced.

Rotation-Edgewise:The circular movement of the body around its own axis in the same direction as the curve of the edge to be traced.

School of Figures:A group of internationally recognized drills on circles which the­oretically embody all body positions and combinations thereof that lend themselves to graceful motion on skates.

Sea Legs:The ability to stroke from foot to foot continuously without loss of balance.

Set Pattern Dance:A dance that prescribes the precise placement of all its edges on a skating surface.

Secondary Rotation:A squeezing rotation of the body in the same direction as the pri­mary rotation; it is used to actually execute a turn.

Serpentine: Afigure containing three circles of equal diameter which are drawn along a longitudinal axis, so that the two end circles are tangent to the center circle and the points of tangency are in a straight line.

Short Axis: Atransverse line crossing the long axis at a right angle where circles are tangent.

Skating Foot:The foot which is actually in contact with the surface and employed in the job of supporting the weight of the skater.

Spin: Aseries of rotations of the skate; an action caused by rotating the body around an axis; the radius of the rotation ideally does not exceed one skate length.

Sub curve:An illegal deviation from the true curvature of a circle or an arc.

Toe Point: Amovement by the free leg during which the leg is extended fully and then the skating knee is bent to lower the free foot so that one wheel touches the floor.

Three-Turn:An edgewise one-foot turn.

Tracing:The symmetrical arrangement of the individual arcs of a figure around the cross­ing point of the long and short axis of a figure.

Track or Tracking:The single line tracing that results when two skaters in a dance align themselves and their skating feet in full-face waltz or tandem position.

Trailing: Aposition opposite to the direction of travel, regardless of facing of the body. A skater who is behind another in a race.

Transition:The act of changing the weight from one foot to the other at the beginning of a new edge.

Unemployed Foot and Side of Body:The foot that is in the air and not in contact with the skating surface and the side of the body over that foot.

Unitization:The act of applying rotary pressure to the shoulders as a unit in a direction opposite to the rotary pressure of the hips.